In 1995 James Acton a 12 year old 7th grader at Washington grade school in Vernoia, Oregon wanted to try out for the football team. The school required all students to take drug test and to be randomly drug tested throughout the school year. James' parents refused to let him take it because there was no evidence that he used drugs and alcohol. James was suspended from sports for the season. He and his parents sued the school district arguing that mandatory drug testing without suspicion of illegal activity violated the fourth amendment. "Unreasonable search" was what they called it.
Supreme court ruled in favor of the school district and said they must balance students rights to privacy against the need to make school safe and keep student athletes away from drugs. they said all students surrender some privacy rights while at school. The court ruled that school policies are allowed to require random drug testing for all extracurricular activities.
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